![]() The fracture plane may appear as a more poorly defined single line or as two lines that converge at the mesial and distal surfaces of the root. If the orientation of the x-ray beam meets the fracture plane obliquely, If the x-ray beam is aligned along the fracture plane,Ī single sharply defined radiolucent line can be seen on conventional radiographs. Imaging features: The fracture involves the root of the tooth and is in a horizontal, The latter is gaining acceptance as a useful imaging method for the diagnosis of these fractures,Īlthough with varying sensitivity and specificity. Various clinical and imaging methods such as apex locators,Ĭonventional computed tomography and CBCT were used to detect vertical root fractures. The diagnosis of vertical root fractures is complicated as direct visualization of the fracture line may not be possible clinically and radiographically,īesides the lack of specific signs and symptoms. Small field of view (FOV) CBCT imaging may be of great value in the detection of tooth fractures. Several small field of view CBCT systems can resolve 150 μm or less, The ability of a radiographic image to reveal the presence of a root fracture depends on the relative angulation of the incident x-ray beam to the fracture plane and the degree of separation of the fragments. Imaging techniques: Periapical and occlusal radiographs, 4: Extracted right mandibular second molar tooth with vertical root fracture (arrows). The vertical root fracture is defined as a longitudinally oriented fracture that originates from the root canal wall in the apical part of the root and extends coronally and toward the outer surface of the root.įig. These fractures can also be classified by level in coronal,Īnother type of classification can be made based on the direction of the fracture in vertical (Fig. Root fractures can be further classified by whether the coronal fragment is displaced (see luxation injuries) or not. Root fracture: A fracture confined to the root of the tooth involving cementum,Īs the apical segment is usually not displaced, Imaging features: Apical extension of fracture may not always be visible on periapical radiographs. In order to detect fracture lines in the root.ĬBCT imaging can reveal the extent of the fracture. Periapical radiographs at different horizontal angles, Imaging features: The loss of tooth substance is visible.Ĭrown-root fracture: A fracture involving enamel,ĭentin and cementum with loss of tooth structure. Periapical radiographs at different horizontal angles to rule out the possible presence of a root fracture or a luxation injury.ĬBCT is also recommended for diagnosis and treatment planning. Imaging techniques: Periapical and occlusal radiographs. Imaging features: The enamel-dentin loss is visible.Įnamel-dentin-pulp fracture (complicated enamel and dentine facture): A fracture involving enamel and coronal dentin with loss of tooth structure and pulpal exposure. Radiographs are indicated to search for tooth fragments or foreign material. Imaging features: The enamel loss is visible on the radiographs.Įnamel-dentin fracture (uncomplicated enamel and dentine facture): A fracture confined to enamel and coronal dentin with loss of tooth structure, Imaging techniques: Periapical radiographs at different horizontal angles to rule out the possible presence of a root fracture or a luxation injury. 2: Enamel fracture on the incisal edge of the left maxillary incisor tooth.
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